In JavaScript, an array is a data structure that contains a collection of elements. Arrays are very useful because you can store, access, and manipulate multiple elements in a single array. In this article, we will discuss the usage of JavaScript array methods.

List of Array methods

• concat() - Joins two or more arrays, and returns a copy of the joined arrays

• copyWithin() - Copies array elements within the array, to and from specified positions

• entries() - Returns a key/value pair Array Iteration Object

• every() - Checks if every element in an array passes a test

• fill() - Fill the elements in an array with a static value

• filter() - Creates a new array with every element in an array that passes a test

• find() - Returns the value of the first element in an array that passes a test

• findIndex() - Returns the index of the first element in an array that passes a test

• forEach() - Calls a function for each array element

• from() - Creates an array from an object

• includes() - Check if an array contains the specified element

• indexOf() - Search the array for an element and returns its position

• isArray() - Checks whether an object is an array

• join() - Joins all elements of an array into a string

• keys() - Returns a Array Iteration Object, containing the keys of the original array

• lastIndexOf() - Search the array for an element, starting at the end, and returns its position

• map() - Creates a new array with the result of calling a function for each array element

• flat() - Creates a new array with all sub-array elements concatenated into it recursively up to the specified depth.

• flatMap() - Creates a new array with the result of calling a function for each array element, and flattening the result into a new array.

• pop() - Removes the last element of an array, and returns that element

• push() - Adds new elements to the end of an array, and returns the new length

• reduce() - Reduce the values of an array to a single value (going left-to-right)

• reduceRight() - Reduce the values of an array to a single value (going right-to-left)

• reverse() - Reverses the order of the elements in an array

• shift() - Removes the first element of an array, and returns that element

• slice() - Selects a part of an array, and returns the new array

• some() - Checks if any of the elements in an array pass a test

• sort() - Sorts the elements of an array

• splice() - Adds/Removes elements from an array

• toString() - Converts an array to a string, and returns the result

• unshift() - Adds new elements to the beginning of an array, and returns the new length

• valueOf() - Returns the primitive value of an array

How we can create an array in JavaScript?

There are two ways to create an array in JavaScript. The first way is to use the array literal syntax, which is a comma-separated list of elements inside square brackets.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

The second way is to use the Array constructor function with the new operator.

const fruits = new Array('Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange');

How we can access an array element?

You can access an array element by using the index of the element. The index of the first element is 0, the index of the second element is 1, and so on.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits[0]); // Apple
console.log(fruits[1]); // Banana
console.log(fruits[2]); // Orange

How we can get the length of an array?

You can use the length property to get the length of an array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.length); // 3

Okay enough of the basics, let's dive into the usage of JavaScript array methods.

The concat() method

The concat() method is used to join two or more arrays. This method does not change the existing arrays, but instead returns a new array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const vegetables = ['Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage'];

const fruitsAndVegetables = fruits.concat(vegetables);

console.log(fruitsAndVegetables);
// ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Tomato", "Potato", "Cabbage"]

The copyWithin() method

The copyWithin() method copies array elements within the array, to and from specified positions.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange', 'Tomato', 'Potato', 'Cabbage'];

fruits.copyWithin(2, 0);

console.log(fruits);
// ["Apple", "Banana", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Tomato"]

The entries() method

The entries() method returns a key/value pair Array Iteration Object.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const f = fruits.entries();

console.log(f.next().value); // [0, "Apple"]
console.log(f.next().value); // [1, "Banana"]
console.log(f.next().value); // [2, "Orange"]

The every() method

The every() method checks if every element in an array passes a test.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const isFruit = (fruit) => {
  return fruit === 'Apple';
};

console.log(fruits.every(isFruit)); // false

The fill() method

The fill() method fills the elements in an array with a static value.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

fruits.fill('Kiwi');

console.log(fruits);
// ["Kiwi", "Kiwi", "Kiwi"]

The filter() method

The filter() method creates a new array with every element in an array thapassesss a test.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const isFruit = (fruit) => {
  return fruit === 'Apple';
};

const filteredFruits = fruits.filter(isFruit);

console.log(filteredFruits);
// ["Apple"]

The find() method

The find() method returns the value of the first element in an array that passes a test.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const isFruit = (fruit) => {
  return fruit === 'Apple';
};

const fruit = fruits.find(isFruit);

console.log(fruit);
// "Apple"

The findIndex() method

The findIndex() method returns the index of the first element in an array that passes a test.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const isFruit = (fruit) => {
  return fruit === 'Orange';
};

const index = fruits.findIndex(isFruit);

console.log(index);
// 2

The forEach() method

The forEach() method calls a function for each array element.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

fruits.forEach((fruit) => {
  console.log(fruit);
});

// Apple
// Banana
// Orange

The from() method

The from() method creates an array from an object.

const fruits = Array.from('Apple');

console.log(fruits);

// ["A", "p", "p", "l", "e"]

The includes() method

The includes() method checks if an array contains the specified element.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.includes('Banana')); // true

console.log(fruits.includes('Kiwi')); // false

The indexOf() method

The indexOf() method searches the array for an element and returns its position.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.indexOf('Banana')); // 1

console.log(fruits.indexOf('Kiwi')); // -1

The isArray() method

The isArray() method checks whether an object is an array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(Array.isArray(fruits)); // true

console.log(Array.isArray('Apple')); // false

console.log(Array.isArray({name: 'The Alchemist'})) // false

The join() method

The join() method joins all elements of an array into a string.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.join()); // Apple,Banana,Orange

console.log(fruits.join('')); // AppleBananaOrange

console.log(fruits.join('-')); // Apple-Banana-Orange

console.log(fruits.join(' ')); // Apple Banana Orange

The keys() method

The keys() method returns a Array Iteration Object, containing the keys of the original array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const f = fruits.keys();

console.log(f.next().value); // 0
console.log(f.next().value); // 1
console.log(f.next().value); // 2

The lastIndexOf() method

The lastIndexOf() method searches the array for an element, starting at the end, and returns its position.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange', 'Apple'];

console.log(fruits.lastIndexOf('Apple')); // 3

console.log(fruits.lastIndexOf('Kiwi')); // -1

The map() method

The map() method creates a new array with the result of calling a function for each array element.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const toUpperCase = (fruit) => {
  return fruit.toUpperCase();
};

const upperCaseFruits = fruits.map(toUpperCase);

console.log(upperCaseFruits);
// ["APPLE", "BANANA", "ORANGE"]

The flat() method

The flat() method creates a new array with all sub-array elements concatenated into it recursively up to the specified depth.

const fruits = ['Apple', ['Banana', 'Orange'], 'Kiwi'];

console.log(fruits.flat());

// ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Kiwi"]

The flatMap() method

The flatMap() method creates a new array with the result of calling a function for each array element and flattening the result into a new array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const toUpperCase = (fruit) => {
  return fruit.toUpperCase();
};

const upperCaseFruits = fruits.flatMap(toUpperCase);

console.log(upperCaseFruits);

// ["APPLE", "BANANA", "ORANGE"]

The pop() method

The pop() method removes the last element of an array and returns that element.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.pop()); // Orange

console.log(fruits); // ["Apple", "Banana"]

The push() method

The push() method adds new elements to the end of an array, and returns the new length.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.push('Kiwi')); // 4

console.log(fruits); // ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Kiwi"]

The reduce() method

The reduce() method reduces the values of an array to a single value (going left-to-right).

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const reducer = (accumulator, currentValue) => {
  return accumulator + currentValue;
};

console.log(fruits.reduce(reducer)); // AppleBananaOrange

The reduceRight() method

The reduceRight() method reduces the values of an array to a single value (going right-to-left).

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const reducer = (accumulator, currentValue) => {
  return accumulator + currentValue;
};

console.log(fruits.reduceRight(reducer)); // OrangeBananaApple

The reverse() method

The reverse() method reverses the order of the elements in an array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.reverse()); // ["Orange", "Banana", "Apple"]

The shift() method

The shift() method removes the first element of an array and returns that element.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.shift()); // Apple

console.log(fruits); // ["Banana", "Orange"]

The slice() method

The slice() method selects a part of an array, and returns the new array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.slice(1)); // ["Banana", "Orange"]

console.log(fruits.slice(1, 2)); // ["Banana"]

The some() method

The some() method checks if any of the elements in an array pass a test.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

const isFruit = (fruit) => {
  return fruit === 'Apple';
};

console.log(fruits.some(isFruit)); // true

The sort() method

The sort() method sorts the elements of an array.

const fruits = ['Jelly', 'Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.sort()); // ["Apple", "Banana", "Jelly", "Orange"]

The splice() method

The splice() method adds/removes elements from an array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

fruits.splice(1, 0, 'Kiwi');

console.log(fruits); // ["Apple", "Kiwi", "Banana", "Orange"]

The toString() method

The toString() method converts an array to a string and returns the result.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.toString()); // Apple,Banana,Orange

The unshift() method

The unshift() method adds new elements to the beginning of an array and returns the new length.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.unshift('Kiwi')); // 4

console.log(fruits); // ["Kiwi", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange"]

The valueOf() method

The valueOf() method returns the primitive value of an array.

const fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

console.log(fruits.valueOf()); // ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange"]

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed the usage of JavaScript array methods. You can find a complete list of JavaScript array methods on the MDN web docs.

If you have any questions or feedback, feel free to reach out to me on Twitter or from here

Happy coding!

Further reading

• JavaScript array methods on MDN web docs

• JavaScript array methods on W3Schools

• JavaScript Info